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The aim of the present investigation was to study the toxic influences of taxol (TXL) on the testes of rats and the protective impact of melatonin (MLT) against such effects. Rats were classified into control, sham, TXL, MLT, and MLT+TXL-treated groups. Histological and ultrastructural changes were observed in testicular tissues of TXL-intoxicated rats including thickening of tunica albuginea and degenerative alterations in spermatogenic, Sertoli, and Leydig cells. A significant increase (P≤0.05) was found in the thickness of tunica albuginea and numbers of tubules without sperm, apoptotic germinal epithelia, and apoptotic Leydig cells, whereas the diameter of tubules and height of germinal epithelia displayed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) compared with the control, sham, and MLT-treated groups. Immunohistochemically, a marked decrease (P≤0.05) in Bcl-2 immunoreactivity and significant elevation (P≤0.05) in P53 and caspase-3 immunoreactivities were recorded. Co-treatment of MLT and TXL modulated such histological, histomorphometrical, and ultrastructural changes induced by TXL. Also, MLT had a protective effect against testicular apoptosis induced by TXL, as shown by the elevated expression of Bcl-2 and decreased expression of P53 and caspase-3. In conclusion, the current investigation proved that MLT had a protective role against TXL-induced testicular cytotoxicity, which may be a result of inhibition of testicular apoptosis.
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@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Rationale:</strong> Leukoencephalopathy, a complication associated with chemotherapy has been reported after giving high doses of methotrexate and cytarabine with no specific risk factors to date.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objectives:</strong><br />1. To review the prevalence of chemotherapy-induced leukoencephalopathy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).<br />2. To present the clinical course, pathogenesis and neuro-imaging findings of chemotherapy-induced leukoencephalopathy in children with ALL.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Case:</strong> We reported three cases of adolescent ALL precursor B-cell patients who received high doses of methotrexate and presented with neurologic and MRI findings consistent with leukoencephalopathy. Our patients were only placed on supportive measures with adequate hydration, without providing any special intervention. Yet, all of them had complete neurological recovery.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Discussion and Summary:</strong> Methotrexate is a cell cycle-specific agent that inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, preventing the conversion of folic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid and inhibiting cell replication. It is one of the most commonly implicated drug causing leukoencephalopathy. [3] On MRI T2-weighted images, all of them had hyperintensities on the posterior frontal/parietal corona radiata and centrum semiovale consistent with leukoencephalopathy. Complete recovery happened spontaneously in all of the cases. There is no standard treatment for acute and subacute toxicities from methotrexate.</p>
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LeukoencephalopathiesABSTRACT
With the emergence of drug resistance in Western medicine, the repeated administration of clinical first-line drugs becomes more severe. There are many factors leading to multidrug resistance(MDR), so it is very difficult to solve the problem. Since traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has been used in the field of MDR in recent years, the research on the transporter-associated drug resistance and intervention of TCM has gradually become a hot spot. Therefore, in order to further explore the relationships among drug resistance, transporters, and TCM intervention, we review the relevant research progress in recent years and comb the achievements and limitations of this research at present. In the end, we put forward the research direction of changing body's ADME through the host's transporters and gastrointestinal flora, which provides new ideas for future research.
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Drug Resistance, Multiple , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Membrane Transport Proteins/geneticsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the preventive effects of lamivudine combined with chemotherapy drugs on hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with HBV infection and tumor. Methods From July 2014 to February 2017,a total of one hundred and twenty patients with HBV infection and tumor in Nanchong Central Hospital were selected and were divided into the observation group and control group with 60 cases in each group. The control group received conventional chemotherapy and liver protection treatment,the observation group was given lamivudine prophylaxis treatment(100 mg/d,1 time/d) based on the treatment in the control group, two groups were treated for 8 weeks. Results The rates of hepatitis B virus reactivation in the observation group and the control group were 5. 0％(3/60) and 33. 3％(20/60),respectively,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=15. 692,P<0. 05) . There was no significant difference in serum glutamic acid transferase and aspartic transferase in the patients before and after treatment ( P>0. 05 ) , and the control group showed an upward trend ( P<0. 05) . After treatment,the serum ALT and AST in the observation group ((31. 98±6. 33)U/L,(26. 38±4. 98)U/L) were lower than those in the control group((43. 89±6. 73)U/L, (51. 78±5. 99)U/L)(t=8. 294,11. 842,P<0. 05). After treatment,the HBV DNA in the observation group and the control group((0. 16±0. 04) ×103copies/ml,(5. 02±1. 72) ×103copies/ml) were lower than those before treatment ((14. 55±2. 14)×103copies/ml,(14. 09±1. 98 copies/ml )(t=25. 498,8. 142,P<0. 05),and the HBV DNA in the observation group after treatment was also lower than that of the control group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=24. 292,P<0. 05) . Conclusion Lamivudine combined with chemotherapy drugs used in patients with HBV infection and tumor can prevent hepatitis B virus reactivation,it does not affect the patient′s liver function,it can inhibit the replication of hepatitis B virus,so it has good application values.
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OBJECTIVE:To promote the standardization and rationality of medical order for chemotherapeutic drugs,and im-prove its safety use in clinic. METHODS:Through developing the investigation of relevant status quo,the design factors and infor-mation that should be involved and considered of the medical order management module for chemotherapeutical drugs in hospital-ized information system(HIS)were determined. The reference standard chemotherapy regimen used in medical orders was put for-ward. The basic data was maintained and menu setting was conducted. Based on HIS,the function module of automatically import-ing patients'information,drug and program selection,warning were designed;the docking and effective application of medical or-der management module for chemotherapeutical drugs in hospital medical order management information system was achieved. Its application effects were evaluated by summarizing monthly irrational rate of medical orders within 2 years. RESULTS & CONCLU-SIONS:The medical order management module for chemotherapeutical drugs developed in our hospital can achieve physician autho-rized management,automatically importing patient-related information,preservative chemotherapy regimen for easy entry and selec-tion. The irrational numbers of chemotherapy orders were decreased from 28 orders (1.15%) in prime (Jun. 2014) to 4 orders (0.14%)2 years later(Jun. 2016). Procedures of medical orders for chemotherapeutical drugs are standardized,initially realize in-formation management,improve input efficiency and accuracy of medical orders,which have provided protection and support for standardizing physicians'diagnosis and treatment behavior and avoiding the hospital risk,and promote correct,safe and rational use of chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Objective To assess the drug sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells based on real-time cell analysis and provide a reference for individualized diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.Methods Three human pancreatic cancer cells lines SW1900, Capan-2 and PANC-1 were selected and treated with gemcitabine hydrochloride and tegafur gimeracil oteracil potassium capsules, respectively.After 24 hours of culture, the cells were treated with the two drugs in gradient concentration.The cell growth curves before and after the drug administration was monitored using a real-time cells analyzer and the growth inhibition rates (IC50) of the drugs of the pancreatic cancer cells were calculated.At the same time, the cells in the cell culture plate were treated with the drug, and acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining and laser scanning confocal microscopy were performed to observe the changes of cells after the drug administration.Results 72 hours after the drug administration, IC50 values for the three cell lines were different.The IC50 values of gemcitabine hydrochloride for SW1900, Capan-2 and PANC-1 cells were 1.69 μmol/L, 10.05 μmol/L and 12.74 μmol/L, respectively.The IC50 values of tegafur capsule for SW1900, Capan-2 and PANC-1 cells were 180.29 μmol/L, 765.70 μmol/L and 95.57μmol/L, respectively.AO/EB staining confirmed the reliability of IC50.Conclusions SW1900 and Capan-2 cells can be used as the control for gemcitabine hydrochloride and tegafur gimeracil oteracil potassium capsules to establish cell models for drug screening in vitro, which provides a reference for the application of the technology in anticancer drugs screening.
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Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined the embolization with chemotherapy,whose efficacy has been verified in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.Factors like the incomplete embolism,the formation of collateral circulation,neoangiogenesis and the like greatly weaken the clinical efficacy of TACE in the long term.Thus,the improvement of TACE efficacy depends on the comprehensive treatment.This paper reviewed the present application status and the progress on the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with TACE.
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Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of cucurmosin (CUS) combined with the commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs for pancreatic cancer in clinical practice including Gemcitabine (GEM),Fluorouracil (5-FU),Paclitaxel (PTX) and Cisplatin (DDP) on cell proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3.Mehtods Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay was used to detect the inhibition on the cell proliferation of BxPC-3 cells in vitro after the treatment of CUS combined with GEM,5-FU,PTX and DDP,respectively.Colony formation assay was also conducted and Jin' s formula was used to assess the synergistic effect of these combinations.Results The inhibition rate of CUS combined with GEM,5-FU,PTX and DDP were all higher than those of each drug alone (q ＞ 0.85),which became obvious in low concentrations.The colony formation inhibition rate of CUS combined with GEM,5-FU,PTX or DDP were all higher than each single drug treatment (q ＞ 1.15).Conclusion CUS could enhance the cell growth inhibition of GEM,5-FU,PTX and DDP in BxPC-3 cells in vitro with a good synergistic effect.
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To date, killing cancer cells by cytotoxic drugs is still the mainstay of treatment for different types of cancer. Tumor cells can not be specifically identified by cytotoxic drugs, which may also kill other normal cells. The number of cells in immune system, including lymphocytes and granulocytes, may decrease after chemotherapy with cytotoxic drugs. Therefore, it has been generally recognized for many years that the chemotherapeutic drugs will suppress immune system. However, recent studies have demonstrated that some chemotherapeutic drugs can suppress tumor growth by promoting antitumor immune responses instead of suppressing these responses through modulating the anti-tumor immune responses by changing the immunogenicity of tumor cells, enhancing the immunocompetence of immune-related cells such as dendritic cells, and decreasing the number of immunosuppressive cells. These findings may change the recognization of the role for conventional chemotherapy in anti-tumor treatment, and it will be helpful to optimize the chemotherapy strategies more reasonably. Copyright© 2011 by TUMOR.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the pharmacoeconomic efficacy of four chemotherapeutic schemes for advanced non-small cell lung cancer in elderly patients.METHODS:92 elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer were randomly divided into four groups:GP,NP,PC,and TP groups.The pharmacoeconomic efficacy of the four groups was analyzed and evaluated retrospectively using the cost-minimization analysis in pharmacoeconomics.RESULTS:The costs of GP,NP,PC,and TP schemes were 10 820.69 yuan,5 864.54 yuan,7 595.57 yuan,and 7 774.64 yuan,respectively(P0.05),respectively.The adverse drug reactions were characterized by different degree of myelosuppression and gastrointestinal reactions,all were cured on symptomatic treatment.CONCLUSION:The cost-minimization analysis showed that NP scheme is the optimal one of the four schemes.
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Objective To observe the effects of Shenhong (SH) combined with chemotherapeutic drugs on curative effect, symptoms improvement, and immunology function in metaphase or terminal cancer patients.Methods All 598 patients were divided into two groups. The control group had 205 patients treated with chemotherapeutic drugs. The SH-treated group had 393 patients treated with SH combined with chemotherapeutic drugs. Results Compared with control patients, the total remission was 42.0% in SH-treated patients. The improvement rates of pain, cough, debilitation, and anepithymia were 71.9%. The Karnofsky grade was increased by 27.0%. CD+3 and CD+4 were increased by 11.6% and 19.3%, but CD+8was decreased by 22.6% at the same time. The patients CD+4 / CD+8 was enhanced by 54.2%, while the NK cell activity and marophage phagocysis were significantly improved. The content of Ig G and Ig A were increased in the same group. Conclusion The curative effect of SH combined with chemotherapeutic drugs was higher than that of control group. The therapeutic effect of SH is explained by its potential regulation activity on immun system.
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Objective:To study the enhancing effect of bFGF-targeted antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotide (APO)on the chemosensitivity of human laryngeal squamous carcinoma cell line Hep2 to Doxorubicin,5-Fluorouracil, and Cisplatin.Methods:bFGF-specific APO was designed,constructed and transfected into Hep2 cells with jetPEI (polyethyleneimine).Expression of bFGF mRNA was evaluated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR after transfection;immuno- cytochemical method was used to examine the expression of bEGF expression before and after transfection of Hep2;the in- duction of cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry;cell proliferation was then analYzed by MTT assay after treatment with bFGF-specific APO or chemotherapeutic drugs,or a combination of both.Results:bFGF-specific APO inhibited the growth of Hep2 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner,with the peak inhibitory rate being 25.5%.The expression of bFGF mRNA and protein decreased by 52.0% and 41.1%,respectively.The apoptosis rate of Hep2 cells was 20.5% after transfection,bFGF-specifie APO reduced the 50% inhibitory concentration of Doxorubicin,5-Fluorouracil,and Cis- platin in Hep2 cells by 75.5%,83.5% and 65.4%,respectively.Conclusion:bFGF-specific APO can enhance the chemosensitivity of Hep2 cells,which paves a new way for potential biologic chemotherapy of laryngeal squamous carcino- ma.
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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the economic efficacy of 6 therapeutic schemes for hepatic lesions induced by chemotherapeutic drugs. METHODS: A total of 269 malignant tumor patients complicating hepatic lesion because of using of chemotherapeutic drugs were randomly divided into 6 groups (A, B, C, D, E and F) to be treated with Reduced Glutathione Sodium for Injection, Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate Injection, Compound Glycyrrhizin Injection, Polyene Phosphatidylcholine Injection, Compound Diisopropylamine Dichloroacetate Injection, Compound Ammonium Glycyrrhetate Injection, respectively. The curative effects were recorded and the cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted. RESULTS: In A, B, C, D, E and F groups, the effective rates were 91.67%, 75.00%, 86.05%, 84.78%, 87.50% and 85.42%, respectively, the costs were 798.28 yuan, 311.08 yuan, 859.88 yuan, 918.68 yuan, 1 092.28 yuan and 1 319.08 yuan, respectively, and the cost-effectiveness ratios were: 870.82, 414.77, 999.28, 1 083.60, 1 248.32 and 1 544.23, respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for A, C, D, E, F groups as against group B were 2 922.62, 4 966.52, 6 212.68, 6 249.60 and 9 673.70, respectively. CONCLUSION: Group A was proved to be the safe, effective and economical therapeutic scheme for hepatic lesions induced by chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Objective To observe the attenuated effect of Kanglaite Injecti on (KI) combined with chemotherapeutic drugs on transplanted human lung cancer A54 9 in nude mice. Methods Ninety- six nude mice were transplanted subcutaneousl y with human lung cancer A549; 7 days later, the mice were randomized into 16 gr oups(n=6) and were given antitumor drugs according the regimen. Other 12 normal mice were used as controls. KI groups were given KI 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 g/kg respe ctively and were administered (iv) continuously for 10 times on 7th day of trans plantation; cisplatin (DDP, 1.5 mg/mg or 3 mg/kg) and Gemzar (30 mg/kg or 60 mg/ kg) were given one dose by intraperitoneal injection on 10th day of transplantat ion; Gemzar was given again 4h after medication of DDP. Taxotere (25 mg/kg) was given one dose by intraperitoneal injection on 7th day of transplantation. The m ice were killed to examine the body weight, tumor weight and tumor- inhibiting rate. Results KI 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 g/kg respectively combined with DDP 3mg/kg and Gemzar 60 mg/kg had a better inhibitory effect on the growth of human lung c ancer A549 than KI, DDP and Gemzar alone. KI in three doses respectively combine d with DDP 1.5 mg/kg and Gemzar 30 mg/kg not only had a better inhibitory effect than those of KI, DDP and Gemzar alone, but also promoted the antitumor actions . The tumor- inhibitory rate of KI in three doses respectively combined with Ta xotere (25 mg/kg) was higher than KI and Taxotere alone. Conclusion KI combine d with DDP and Gemzar or with Taxotere can shorten the tumor mass and has tumor - inhibitory and attenuated effect.